Antropologia
Ontological Politics - Annemarie Mol
"These have to do with
ontological politics. They have to do with the way in which 'the real' is implicated in the political and vice versa.(...)
Ontological Politics is a composite term. It talks of
ontology - which in standart philosophical parlance defines what belongs to the real, the conditions of possibility we live with. If the term 'ontology' is combined with that of 'politics' then this suggests that the conditions of possibility are not given. That reality does not precede the mundane practices in which we interact with it, but is rather shaped within this practices. So the term
politics works to underline this active mode, this process of shaping, and the fact that its character is both open and contested. To be sure, is has always been assumed that 'reality' is not entirely immutable. Such was the point of technology - and indeed politics. These worked on the assumption that the world might be mastered, changed, controlled. So within the conventions of technology and politics the question of how to shape reality was open: at some point in the future it might be otherwise. But along with this it was assumed that the building blocks of reality were permanent: they could be uncovered by means of sound scientific investigation. Over the last two decades, however, they have been undermined, these neat divisions between present and future; between that which is well-set and that which is still-to-be-formed; between the building blocks that are given and the modes by which they might be differently adjusted.
This work - of which actor network theory did quite a bit but that it by no means did alone - has robbed the
elements that make up reality - reality in its
ontological dimension - of its alleged stable, given, universal character. It has argued, instead, that reality is historically, culturally and materially located. Located where? The answer depends on the field in which it is given. In social studies of science it was the laboratory that was rediscribed as a sociomaterial practice where reality is transformed and where news ways of doing reality are crafted. From there they are exported, not so much in the form of theory but rather - or at least as much - in the shape of vaccinations, microchips, valves, combustion engines, telephones, genetically manipulated mice and other
objects - objects that carry new realities, new ontologies, with them.
Ontologies: note that. Now the word needs to go in the plural. For, and this is a crucial move, if reality is
done, if it is historically, culturally and materially
located, then ir is also
multiple. Realities have become multiple".
Ontological Politics (ANT and After) - Annemarie Mol
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Antropologia